The Montefeltro and Della Rovere lords ruled over the State of Urbino from 1375 to 1631. There were five Montefeltro lords (Antonio, Guidantonio, Oddantonio, Federico, and Guidubald I), who were succeeded (from1508 onwards) by three lords from the Della Rovere family (Francesco Maria I, Guidubald II, and Francesco Maria II). All were Vicars of the Holy Roman Church as well as condottieri (military captains commanding their own troops). Worthy of note in this period is the rule of the different Duchesses, who governed the State with full powers during the lengthy absences of their husbands.

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